THIS WEEK at HILTON POND
22-31 October 2002

Installment #145---Visitor #Web Counter

Back to Preceding Week; on to Next Week

LONG LIVE THE KING(lets)!

By now, most of our migratory summer birds have departed Hilton Pond Center for destinations in the Neotropics. Birds that eat free-flying insects--and those includes everything from Acadian Flycatchers to Ruby-throated Hummingbirds--would have a tough time in winter when cold weather drastically knocks back dependable populations of aerial bugs. These migrant birds depart for warmer climes, and a whole new crop of winter-tolerant species comes in from New England and Canada. The Center already is being graced by White-throated Sparrows, Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers, and Yellow-rumped Warblers, and each year by the third week in October such winter residents are joined by an assemblage of Royal Emissaries from far-off lands.

All text & photos © Hilton Pond Center

This new entourage really IS a royal group--the Regulidae (from the Latin word rex, which means "king")--a family that includes two of the tiniest songbirds in North America: the Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Regulus calendula, and Golden-crowned Kinglet, R. satrapa. Historically, taxonomists lumped kinglets (Regulidae) with gnatcatchers (Sylviidae) and even the spot-breasted thrushes (Turdidae), but modern DNA work has separated them into three distinct families. Unfortunately, some relatively recent field guides still describe a catch-all group of "Old World Warblers" that includes kinglets and gnatcatchers, but only the latter truly belong in that family. Better we should follow current scientific wisdom and place the kinglets alone in the Regulidae, lest we taint their "royal" bloodline.

No matter how you classify them, however, kinglets are delightful birds to watch because of their behavior and appearance. Golden-crowned Kinglets are most regal; both sexes bear a yellow crown trimmed with black stripes (female top and bottom photos), and the male has an additional top-knot of red-orange feathers (above right) that is sometimes hidden. In Ruby-crowned Kinglets, the female wears no tiara, but the male (next two photos below) has a scarlet spot atop his head that he reveals on appropriate occasions--including territorial disputes, mating opportunities, or even when another male gets too close on the wintering grounds. Golden-crowned Kinglets differ further in having a dark line through the eye, while Ruby-crowneds have a plain face and an incomplete white eye-ring that makes the eye appear larger than it is. Both species sport white wingbars and pale yellowish-green backs, but from below the brighter grayish flanks of the Golden-crowned are usually distinguishable from the Ruby-crowned's buffy-olive. Although Golden-crowned Kinglets seldom sing except on the breeding grounds, a Ruby-crowned occasionally blurts forth with his "liberty, liberty, liberty" in spring and fall migration. Kinglet vocalizations are so high-pitched that many people cannot hear them.

All text & photos © Hilton Pond Center

Golden-crowned Kinglets are quite tiny, measuring only 10cm (4") from bill tip to end of tail, and weighing a scant 6g (0.2 oz)--barely twice the mass of a Ruby-throated Hummingbird! Ruby-crowneds are a tad larger, weighing in at 6.5g and measuring 11cm. When temperatures get very low, both species may seem bigger when they fluff up their plumage and look like feathered spheres on a twig.

Kinglets have been called "butterfly birds" because they flutter about in trees and shrubs, flicking their wings and hovering at the tips of branches where they use sharp, black bills to glean insects and spiders and their eggs. In winter the two kinglet species forage in mixed flocks in deciduous woodlots, but they also frequent Piedmont pine plantations and other habitats. Here at Hilton Pond Center, our most successful location for mist-netting kinglets from 1990 through 1995 was an old field populated by a dense stand of four-to-eight-foot Eastern Red Cedars. In recent winters, we've deployed nets with 60mm mesh in that area to capture Northern Saw-whet Owls, and this netting is large enough to allow diminutive kinglets to slip through; this may be a primary reason for fewer kinglets banded as of late--even though numbers are significantly lower now than in the mid-1980s (click on thumbnailed chart above right). During our 21 years of banding at the Center, Ruby-crowneds have far outnumbered Golden-crowned Kinglets, 541 to 150; in fact, Ruby-crowneds have been the 16th most common of our 123 species banded since 1982--even though they made up only 1.3% of 41,764 individuals.

All text & photos © Hilton Pond Center

By next March, both kinds of kinglets will start making their way northward toward the breeding grounds. First to leave are the Golden-crowneds--some of which travel only as far as the southern Appalachians, with others going on to breed in Canada's boreal spruce-fir forests. We've had on occasional Ruby-crowned linger at Hilton Pond Center as late as 8 May, perhaps because the limits of its more northerly breeding grounds around Hudson Bay and in central Alaska were still too cold for egg-laying.

Although Ruby-crowned and Golden-crowned Kinglets are at Hilton Pond Center for only part of the year, our drab winter days are certain to be brightened by their regal appearance and lively behavior. Long live the King(lets)!

All text & photos © Hilton Pond Center

All contributions are tax-deductible on your
201
3 income tax form
See list of recent supporters below

"This Week at Hilton Pond" is written and photographed by Bill Hilton Jr., executive director of Hilton Pond Center for Piedmont Natural History

Please refer "This Week at Hilton Pond" to others by clicking on this button:


Follow us on Twitter:

@hiltonpond



Comments or questions about this week's installment? Send an E-mail to INFO. (Be sure to scroll down for a tally of birds banded/recaptured during the period, plus other nature notes.)

Click for York, South Carolina Forecast
Click on image at right for live Web cam of Hilton Pond,
plus daily weather summary

Transmission of weather data from Hilton Pond Center via WeatherSnoopfor Mac.

--SEARCH OUR SITE--
You may wish to consult our Index of all nature topics covered since
February 2000, or use our on-line
Hilton Pond Search Engine:

For a free on-line subscription to "This Week at Hilton Pond," send us an
E-mail with SUBSCRIBE in the Subject line and configure your spam filter
to accept E-mails from hiltonpond.org.

BIRDS BANDED THIS WEEK at HILTON POND CENTER
22-31 October 2002

SPECIES BANDED THIS WEEK
Ruby-crowned Kinglet--7*
Golden-crowned Kinglet--2*
Chestnut-sided Warbler--1
Yellow-rumped Warbler--11
Pine Warbler--1
Eastern Phoebe--1
American Goldfinch--1
Blue-headed (Solitary) Vireo--2*
Eastern Towhee--2
Northern Cardinal--3
White-throated Sparrow--5
Gray-cheeked Thrush--1
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker--1*
Hermit Thrush--5
Eastern Bluebird--1
House Finch--2
Blue Jay--1

* = New species for 2002


NOTABLE RECAPTURES
(with original banding dates)
Northern Cardinal (2)
09/19/99--4th year female
10/14/99--after 3rd year female
White-throated Sparrow (1)
12/19/00--after 2nd year male

All photos & text © Hilton Pond Center

This Week at Hilton Pond
is part of the

Blue-headed (Solitary) Vireo
Although this species breeds not far away in the Carolina mountains, we seldom see them except in late fall

WEEKLY BANDING TOTAL
16 species
47 individuals

YEARLY BANDING TOTAL
(2002)
75 species
2,047 individuals

BANDING GRAND TOTAL
(since 28 June 1982)
123 species
41,766 individuals

SIGHTINGS OF INTEREST
--A Great Blue Heron was stalking in high grass in mudflats around Hilton Pond.
--The 26 October banding date for a hatch-year
Chestnut-sided Warbler was only a few days shy of the latest recorded date for this species in South Carolina.

Back to Preceding Week; on to Next Week

 
If you enjoy "This Week at Hilton Pond," please help support
Hilton Pond Center for Piedmont Natural History.
It's painless, and YOU can make a difference!

(Just CLICK on a logo below or send a check if you like; see Support for address.)


Make credit card donations
on-line via
Network for Good:
.
Use your PayPal account
to make direct donations:
If you like shopping on-line please become a member of iGive, through which 1,200+ on-line stores from Amazon to Lands' End and even iTunes donate a percentage of your purchase price to support Hilton Pond Center. ..Every new member who registers with iGive and makes a purchase through them earns an ADDITIONAL $5 for the Center. You can even do Web searches through iGive and earn a penny per search--sometimes TWO--for the cause! Please enroll by going to the iGive Web site. It's a painless, important way for YOU to support our on-going work in conservation, education, and research. Add the iGive Toolbar to your browser and register Operation RubyThroat as your preferred charity to make it even easier to help Hilton Pond Center when you shop.

The Piedmont Naturalist--Vol. 1--1986 (Hilton Pond Press) is an award-winning collection of newspaper columns that first appeared in The Herald in Rock Hill SC. Optimized for tablets such as iPad and Kindle, electronic downloads of the now out-of-print volume are available by clicking on the links below. The digital version includes pen-and-ink drawings from the original edition--plus lots of new color photos. All sales go
to support the work of
Hilton Pond Center.

Hilton Pond Center for Piedmont Natural History is a non-profit research, conservation & education organization in York, South Carolina USA; phone (803) 684-5852. Directed by Dr. Bill Hilton Jr., aka "The Piedmont Naturalist," it is parent organization for Operation RubyThroat. Web site contents--including text and photos--may NOT be duplicated, modified, or used in any way except with express written permission of Hilton Pond Center. All rights reserved worldwide. To request permission for use or for further assistance, please contact Webmaster.

The link above is required by a Web site that provides us with a free page counter.
You are not obligated to click on the link.